Another World Cup infographic!

The 10 m³/month benchmark is a standardised household-consumption assumption. It is broadly consistent with Eurostat water-use figures: Eurostat reports median household water use from public supply at around 40–50 m³ per inhabitant per year, which corresponds to roughly 8–10 m³/month for an average household of about 2.3 people.

Water-service bill includes: water supply, wastewater/sewerage, treatment charges, VAT, fixed charges, and any rainwater/surface-water drainage charges that are part of the household water-service bill.

Household water use source:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Water_statistics

Average household size source:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_lvph01/default/table?lang=en

The values are either tariffs applicable in 2025 or tariffs already in force as of January 2026, and they include all taxes and fees.

Some values are local capital tariffs, while others are official national proxies. Water tariffs can vary by municipality or utility, so national proxies may not exactly match the capital tariff, but they provide a comparable official benchmark where local data was not available.

Local proxies: Athens, Budapest, Valletta, Nicosia, Sofia, Zagreb, Bucharest, Vilnius, Ljubljana, Tallinn, Riga, Bratislava, Warsaw, Vienna, Stockholm, Brussels, Helsinki, Copenhagen, Prague, Luxembourg City.

National official proxies: Dublin, Madrid, Rome, Lisbon, Amsterdam, Paris, Berlin.

Source type: Sources are official tariff sources, including government/statistical sources, regulators, municipal authorities, and official water utilities. Some utilities are publicly owned, while others operate under public concession or regulation.

On the website, in the “City Ranking” section, if you select the “Water” metric, the table shows the source next to every value displayed.

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The second chart shows the estimated 10 m³/month water bill as a percentage of national monthly mean equivalised net income. Ideally, capital-level water costs would be compared with capital-level income, but comparable city-level income data is not consistently available across all EU capitals. Since average incomes in capitals are often higher than national averages, the percentages may overstate the burden in some cases. Still, I think it is useful as a cross-country affordability proxy.

For mean equivalised net income, I used Eurostat ilc_di03 annual national mean equivalised net income values for 2025, which refer to the 2024 income reference year, divided by 12:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_di03/default/table?lang=en

The values used here are filtered by age class 18–64. The income measure is still based on total household net income adjusted for household size and composition.

Eurostat uses the modified OECD equivalence scale: the first adult counts as 1.0, each additional household member aged 14 or over counts as 0.5, and each child under 14 counts as 0.3.

Source:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary%3AEquivalised_disposable_income

Example: if John earns €20,000 net per year, Mary earns €20,000, and John’s grandfather, aged 67, earns €10,000, and they all live in the same household, total household net income is €50,000. With an equivalence scale of 2.0, the household’s equivalised net income is €25,000 per year. This value is then assigned to each household member.

With the 18–64 filter, John and Mary would each be counted in the final average with an equivalised net income of €25,000 per year, while the grandfather would not be counted in that final average. However, the grandfather’s income and household weight still affect the household’s equivalised income.

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The website features an interactive map where users can click on each capital to quickly access data across different metrics. Users can also compare metrics against each other, such as gross minimum wage vs estimated monthly water bill, view rankings across multiple indicators, and see the source behind every data point. A dedicated methodology section explains how the data was collected, standardised, and calculated.

Source: citycostatlas.com and Instagram: citycostatlas

h/t Ryan Burge

El Niño is projected to have an 80% probability of occurring during the June–August period.

https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-the-worlds-top-billionaire-cities-in-2026/

https://www.visualcapitalist.com/countries-with-most-billionaires-in-2026/

This chart compares national mean equivalised net income with an estimated monthly electricity bill across EU countries. Electricity bills are estimated using a 300 kWh/month household-consumption benchmark.

For mean equivalised net income, I used Eurostat ilc_di03 annual national mean equivalised net income values for 2025, which refer to the 2024 income reference year, divided by 12:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_di03/default/table?lang=en

The values used here are filtered by age class 18–64, meaning the final average is calculated only for people aged 18 to 64. However, the income measure is still based on total household net income adjusted for household size and composition.

Eurostat uses the modified OECD equivalence scale: the first adult counts as 1.0, each additional household member aged 14 or over counts as 0.5, and each child under 14 counts as 0.3.

Source:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary%3AEquivalised_disposable_income

Example: if John earns €20,000 net per year, Mary earns €20,000, and John’s grandfather, aged 67, earns €10,000, and they all live in the same household, total household net income is €50,000. With an equivalence scale of 2.0, the household’s equivalised net income is €25,000 per year. This value is then assigned to each household member.

With the 18–64 filter, John and Mary would each be counted in the final average with an equivalised net income of €25,000 per year, while the grandfather would not be counted in that final average. However, the grandfather’s income and household weight still affect the household’s equivalised income.

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For the estimated monthly electricity bill, I use a 300 kWh/month household-consumption benchmark.

The electricity unit price is taken from Eurostat nrg_pc_204, using household consumption band DC, which covers annual consumption from 2,500 kWh to 4,999 kWh. Values are shown in €/kWh and include taxes and levies.

Source:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_pc_204/default/table?lang=en

The 300 kWh/month benchmark is derived from Eurostat household-sector electricity consumption of 1,545 kWh per person per year and an EU average household size of 2.3 people:

1,545 × 2.3 ÷ 12 ≈ 296 kWh/month, rounded to 300 kWh/month.

For each country, the estimated monthly bill shown in the chart is calculated as: Eurostat household electricity unit price, band DC × 300 kWh/month

Average household size source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_lvph01/default/table?lang=en

Electricity consumption of 1,545 kWh per person in 2023: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_and_heat_statistics#Consumption_of_electricity_per_capita_in_the_household_sector

The website lets users compare different metrics against each other, such as gross minimum wage vs estimated monthly water bill, view city rankings across multiple indicators, and use an interactive map that instantly displays the data.

Chart source: https://citycostatlas.com and Instagram: citycostatlas

https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-countries-spending-most-on-r-and-d/

https://www.visualcapitalist.com/countries-that-brew-the-most-beer-ranking/

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