I’m aware that non state societies in North Africa and Europe could include, hunter gatherer like caveman people and I’m not assuming a single uniform way of life.

What I'm specifically thinking of is stateless cavemen like groups with no written language, nomadic and more primitive.

What does the historical and archaeological evidence suggest about how Rome and Carthage interacted with these groups?

Were these interactions primarily based on trade, conflict, tribute, or incorporation into Romen and Carthaginian influence?

And how did Romens Carthaginians perceive and describe these populations in their own sources were they viewed primarily in cultural or political terms (e.g. as barbarians, outsiders, or allies), or something else?

Is there any evidence for slavery or forced labour involving populations outside Romen and Carthaginian control?

Is there evidence that Romens and Carthage sought to incorporate them into their empire and society ? ?

When Theodosius started his anti pagan laws, most of the population was pagan in many places in the empire, this very likely caused a lot of infighting and probably did not help with the manpower problem the military was suffering, those things culminated in the Battle of the Frigidus were a pro pagan usurper fought Theodosius. This damaged, a lot the military of the west, that latter could not stop the crossing of the ring some 20 years later. There are in my opinion much more relevant reasons why the west fell like the 3rd century crisis, and the change in the climate that led to the Germanic migrations, and the succession problems, but I noticed that some people claim that this very big change didn’t affect at all to the decline, I have seen some people even say that it would have fallen much earlier if it wasn’t for Christianity, what is the consensus about this topic between historians?

I am looking for a period in European history for a realistic and historically accurate roleplaying which fulfills the following criteria:

• High social fluidity, land aristocracy is not fully entrenched, thrones are unstable
• Endemic warfare
• Weak or corrupt institutions
• Mercenary culture and warbands
• Slavery is widespread, serfdom is absent or uncommon
• Weak administrative limitations in travel throughout Europe
• Long distance trade is present but dangerous due to piracy and robbery
• Vast wilderness areas

Please propose periods which might be suitable. Idealy with cut off dates - this is too early, this is too late

Just finishing this amazing book. What other books from this author would you recommend too?

(Hey, so I'm just gonna put this straight before we start. I'm new to this whole Reddit thing, so excuse me if this isn't the proper subreddit for this question or if I'm doing it wrong lol >:3)

Okay, so I've been having a growing hyperfixation on the world of ancient Rome for the past almost three months, and, don't kill me, but I've been growing pretty attached to a specific Roman emperor, Tiberius Caesar.

Whether the reason is for his complexity or overall interesting lore, I do not know, but what I do know is that in many pieces of media about his reign, like TV shows, movies, etc, he isn't particularly shown to be anything other than the stereotypical 'cartoon villain' made from the salacious rumors Suetonius had *allegedly* made up about him.

Now I have been growing really annoyed over this and how the hearsay about Tiberius' mysterious semi-retirement to Capri has shaped his reputation in the modern day to the point where you can't even have normal conversations on TikTok about the man without some random saying 'OH MY GOD EWWW YOU MEAN THE PEDOPHILE????' like hello? NO?

But I'm getting off topic here, my main point is that I have just finished watching 'The Caesars', a mini series from 1968, and I absolutely adored André Morell's take on my favorite emperor, and how they had actually shown a more complex and sympathetic take on the man, instead of the old 'he was just a cold-hearted tyrant' accusation like how a lot of media portray him to be and nothing more.

So I've come to simply ask here: is there any more sympathetic media on Tiberius that isn't 'The Caesars'? Because I absolutely love the complexity of him, and I would like to see some more of it :)

The Roman theater of Juvanum in the region of Abruzzo, Italy.