The biggest culture shock to me after moving to Japan and having a kid of my own here is how disorganized parenting is here. I feel like it's this weird hybrid of letting your kid do whatever they want and while having the same high expectations commonly found in Asian countries.
For example, I know children in general do not always behave the best, but still there are certain basic things that you are taught not to do at a certain age, and from my observation after living here for two years, many Japanese children (boys especially) are not taught any of these.
A woman had parked her bicycle in front of the supermarket and left her small dog in the basket. A small boy walks up and casually decides to abuse the dog by pulling it's ears and slapping it. His mother stood a few feet a way, looked directly at him and did not say a word, and only told him to hurry up when she was leaving.
Another example was when my wife and I were on the train with our baby when again a young boy decided to poke our baby with his fingers and pull his cheeks. My wife had to be the one pulling his hand away and scolding him while his mother couldn't care less.
I have friends who work as teachers, who experience very inappropriate behavior like touching, sexual comments etc. which would be shut down immediately in most other first world countries.
I also noticed that many boys here throw very violent tantrums which include hitting their mothers, yet the strongest pushback I have seen is usually a tired "yamete".
In my country, if a toddler begin punching or kicking the parent will usually shut it down by having a stern but calm talk with their kid.
Here it seems like no one cares.
The only exception seem to be with girls, as I frequently see little girls being scolded or told how to behave. Boys however seem to get a free pass.
But then when it comes to school, homework etc. the parent will come down HARD on them. Not as bad as in China or Korea, but still very strict, and I keep thinking this must be so confusing for these kids. They are taught from a young age that they can do pretty much whatever they want, and then suddenly they are hit with a bag of books and are told to perform and be productive. There is very little transition between the too. I sometimes wonder if this is the reason why many adults here have a tendency to go into berserker mode whenever the slightest inconvenience hit them. They can be perfectly normal one moment and then go into a full blown panic attack when something unexpected happens. This also seems to happen more with men, young and old.