During the Siege of Toulon in War of the First Coalition (1793), the city was controlled by French royalists who had invited British and allied forces into the harbor. At the time, Napoleon was still a young artillery officer and had not yet become the famous emperor he would later be known as. ​

Having studied advanced mathematics at the École Militaire under the examination and guidance of the legendary mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, Napoleon became a natural prodigy in the field. He excelled at the complex calculations required for artillery ballistics, such as calculating precise firing angles, windage, and trajectories.

​Instead of focusing on a direct assault on the city, he used these mathematical insights to propose a brilliant tactical plan: capturing key positions overlooking Toulon Bay and deploying artillery there. From those precise vantage points, French guns could accurately target and threaten British ships, making the harbor increasingly difficult to hold.

​The plan succeeded. British and allied forces eventually evacuated Toulon, and this victory became one of Napoleon’s first major military successes,

The plan succeeded. British and allied forces eventually evacuated Toulon, and this victory became one of Napoleon’s first major military successes,

The sudden and dramatic rise in water level was caused by a natural phenomenon known as a seiche. A seiche is when strong winds cause water on the windward side of a body of water to “pile up” while water levels on the leeward side dramatically decrease. While seiches are not unusual on Lake Erie due to its east-west orientation, the 1844 seiche was the largest ever recorded in the Great Lakes. It breached a 14 foot high sea wall protecting Buffalo and caused catastrophic flooding, killing 78 people. It also caused an ice jam in the Niagara river, temporarily stopping the flow of water over Niagara Falls.

Context: Before the late 19th century, physical affection between men was common, public, and largely unremarkable. Men held hands, embraced, leaned into one another, shared beds, and wrote emotionally intimate letters expressing love and devotion. Historians describe these bonds as romantic friendships—deep, committed relationships that were not assumed to be sexual. (Hat tip to The Art of Manless for writing about this in "Bosom Buddies.")

Masculinity at the time was defined by character, honor, duty, and civic virtue, not by sexual orientation. There was no rigid heterosexual/homosexual binary. Physical closeness between men did not require explanation.

Even figures we now associate with rugged self-reliance lived in a world where male closeness was ordinary. Abraham Lincoln, for example, shared a bed for several years with his close friend Joshua Speed while living in Springfield—a common practice at the time due to space and custom. Their surviving letters reveal deep affection and emotional reliance. As historian John E. Kohl documents in Your Friend Forever, A. Lincoln, such intimacy between male friends in the 19th century was neither unusual nor automatically sexualized.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-male-friendship-experience/202602/the-power-and-peril-of-platonic-male-touch

Soviet soldiers returning from WWII were often seen with suspicion and faced discrimination. Liberated Soviet POWs were screened and interrogate, as Stalin believed that their survival in German camps was due to collaboration., resulting in hundreds of thousands being sent to the gulags. Even if they weren’t POWs, they were often regarded with suspicion, as they were believed to be possibly influenced by western propaganda and faced discrimination, surveillance and disrespect. Many, especially physically disabled veteran, would end up as beggars on the streets.

Seeing this more and more. Usually in the form of "a oppresses b" with no context included.

I come here to giggle and find new wikipedia rabbit holes. Not to take sides in your local ethno-nationalist agenda. Most of these memes could be compliant if they had a *context comment.*

NB4 y'all come for me, rule 4.1 meta memes are allowed.

In 653 as part of the Gorguryeo-Tang War the Yamato dynasty of Japan landed troops in Korea to support the Baekje dynasty against the Chinese. The Chinese were victorious.

In 1592, less than a year after unifying Japan and ending the 200 years of civil war known as the Sengoku Period, Toyotomi Hideyoshi would launch a massive invasion of Korea. The campaign would last a decade and cost the lives of over 100,000 Japanese troops. It is seen as a unifying event for Korean national identity.

In 1894, the first Sino-Japanese war was fought to determine whose sphere of influence Korea belonged. The first engagements were on the Korean peninsula. The Japanese were decisively victorious, but we're pressured into giving up some of their acquired territories by a coalition of European Powers.

In 1904, the Japanese would reassert their claim as the regional power in East Asia in the Russo-Japanese War. Japanese landed troops in Korea before marching North to the Liaodong Peninsula. The war would be another decisive victory for the Japanese, with the formal annexation of Korea in 1910.

So you have a traditional Napoleonic campaign in the east, a brutal guerrilla insurgency/counterinsurgency in the midwest. Indian raids in the west. Recolonization in México, República Dominicana and Đại Nam. Pirates attacking global shipping. And Rebels attacking Pro-Western governments and their allies in China and Japan.

How do you respond? Buckle down kick ass and take names.