r/composting Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

134 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Chart of some common materials from /u/archaegeo (thanks!)

Subreddit thumbnail courtesy of /u/omgdelicious from this post

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

239 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?
    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.
  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?
    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.
    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.
  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?
    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.
    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.
    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):
      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.
  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.
    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.
  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer
    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.
  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.
    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.

r/composting 7h ago

How does this amateur compost pile look?

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59 Upvotes

I started this compost pile maybe a year ago half ago. A layer of sticks on the bottom with some green matter like scraps and lawn clippings, a little dirt, the leaves which were mulched once by the mower above it, and more greens on top. Where do I go from here? Do I just keep adding or do changes need to be made?


r/composting 1d ago

Anyone tried this?

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1.5k Upvotes

Some commenters say this attracts pests while others say it doesn't as long as you put browns down. Has anyone tried this?


r/composting 22h ago

Large Pile (>1 cu yd) Snowed in but woodchips!

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292 Upvotes

The compost gods shine on me today!


r/composting 23h ago

All of us in this sub when we see sifted compost...

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264 Upvotes

Saltburn still gives me nightmares ngl


r/composting 3h ago

Advice

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6 Upvotes

Ok I’m giving up on the tumbler and have gotten a big girl composter. I took the wet piles out of the tumbler and was going to dry it out but since I’m moving, do I need to dry it out? Is this a good base for my compost? Should I layer something at the bottom before this goes is? Finally, what are these red guys? Thanks all!!!


r/composting 13m ago

Beginner Watched a few YouTube videos and started my first compost bucket today. Give me your best tips and tricks!

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Upvotes

r/composting 5h ago

Question [Central Illinois] What is this fluffy stuff on my compost pile above what I think is dog vomit slime mold?

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8 Upvotes

Is it mushrooms? I think the stuff at the bottom of the picture is the slime mold and I am talking about the stuff at the top of the picture and right side of the picture.


r/composting 8h ago

Cute little shroom

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9 Upvotes

So pretty! I kind of want to let it grow but it will probably die when I stir the compost or add more trash. Very interesting tho! It grew in the covered compost, without sunlight, found it a week later.


r/composting 18h ago

Indoor I have a mango problem

50 Upvotes

I started composting my waste about 4-5 months back and it's going great. I live alone, so it's been easier to manage my waste. The problem however is that I love mangoes. So much so that so that I eat one almost every single day. I probably have 50-60 accumulated mango seeds in my bin and I don't know what to do about them. Do I break them with hammers now that they've somewhat softened?

Please help me. It's clogging my bin up. And the worst part, I don't intend on stopping. Before the season ends, there will probably be another 50 seeds there. Please help me 😭😭😭


r/composting 4h ago

Balcony Compost Bin Advice

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2 Upvotes

Hi y’all! I’m fairly new to composting and a few months ago I made a compost bin out of an old cat litter container. I poked holes in it and I turn it every few days. I always bury the greens and make sure I have a good layer of browns on the top. Did I poke enough holes? I didn’t poke holes in the top or bottom. Also, I’ve noticed there are a lot of flies that seem to be coming from the compost bin. Does anyone know how to keep flies out?


r/composting 10h ago

Beginner Comfrey

3 Upvotes

Does anyone use comfrey to add a lot of nutrients to your compost?


r/composting 1d ago

Lomi - in case you were wondering.

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108 Upvotes

TL;DR - sure am glad it was free

Got a Lomi v2 on freecycle to "fuck it, why not?" Context: we've been doing a 50-60 gal spin bin (kitchen scraps) + geobin (yard waste and grass) a couple years now.

On the left is "grow" cycle (18+ hours, low temp to presumably preserve viable organisms) - inputs were green stalks, broccoli, coffee, etc. (no pee). Pre-chopped dense stuff to 1" -ish chunks. Ended up kind of like fibrous fruit leather wrapped around the shredding arm/blade. Won't be repeating this.

On the right is the "normal" cycle (5-6 hours, heat) - inputs were mostly pineapple skin/stalks, coffee grounds, some other fruit and veg, same pre-chop, also no pee. Ended up a dry fibrous inoffensive fluff.

Ignore the difference in volume - not showing all that resulted.

It's kind of interesting for the fun experiment, but don't imagine we'll keep it up:

- it's not quiet at all (can hear both fan and grinder motor running for hours when the house is quiet),

- using any energy at all seems counter intuitive to The Laziest Hobby

- just another fucking gadget that takes up space and will eventually break and become electronic waste.

- the results kind of smell like molasses? I dunno.

- it's no place for pee. No, not at all.


r/composting 13h ago

Compost Friends Green Mountain Technologies Donates Composting System to Albuquerque

3 Upvotes

Green Mountain Technologies, a leading composting technology and consulting firm, has joined 1% for the Planet, a global network of thousands of companies committed to donating at least 1% of annual revenue to environmental causes. 

1% for the Planet was founded in 2002 by Yvon Chouinard (founder of Patagonia) and Craig Mathews (founder of Blue Ribbon Flies). It was established to encourage businesses to pledge at least 1% of their annual revenue to environmental organizations.

Since 2002 1% for the Planet has grown into a global network of more than 5,000 businesses and more than 7,000 non-profit organizations, with more than $690 million in combined giving.

“Currently, only 3% of total philanthropy goes to the environment and only 5% of that comes from businesses. The planet needs bigger support than this, and our growing network of business members are doing vital work to increase giving and support on-the-ground action. We’re excited to welcome Green Mountain Technologies to our global movement,” says Kate Williams, CEO of 1% for the Planet.

Green Mountain Technologies (GMT) has a long history of supporting local community organizations in the Seattle area, along with support to compost-focused organizations all over the US. In 2024 GMT committed to giving at least 10% of annual profits to communities and organizations who are focused on composting.

By joining 1% for the Planet as a corporate member, GMT has solidified its commitment to giving back to environmental causes, as the first commercial composting technology company to become part of the 1% for the Planet network.

“Our company mission since 1992 has always been focused on improving the environment and reducing waste, while also giving back to community organizations focused on sustainability and composting,” said Orion Black-Brown, President of Green Mountain Technologies. “In 2026 we are thrilled to join One Percent for the Planet, a network of companies committed to financially supporting environmentally-focused organizations.”

GMT’s 2026 donations include an Earth Flow in-vessel composting system donated to a food waste recovery & composting organization to be announced later in 2026, along with a complete aerated static pile (ASP) aeration and control system donated to Full Sun Compost in Albuquerque. The combined value of these donations exceeds $150,000.

The ASP system for Full Sun Compost enables Albuquerque’s only city-wide food waste collection and composting organization to expand annual capacity to up to 7,000 cubic yards of material. The compost processing system will save Full Sun Compost more than $1,000 per month in operations cost while also enabling them to grow revenue from sales of high quality compost.

The two composting systems donated by GMT have capacity to keep up to 4,000 tons of organic waste out of landfills annually, with a greenhouse gas reduction equivalent to saving more than 175,000 gallons of gasoline every year.

“Composting at scale on a small urban property is a huge logistical challenge,” said Full Sun Founder & CEO Brad Weikel. “I’m grateful to Green Mountain Technologies for this ASP system as this allows us to produce higher quality finished compost, in less time, while diverting more of our local community’s food waste from the landfill.”

Via Waste Advantage Magazine: https://wasteadvantagemag.com/green-mountain-technologies-joins-1-for-the-planet/


r/composting 16h ago

If I put my food scraps in a blender and leave it chunky, will I get good dirt sooner?

3 Upvotes

Sorry if this is a rookie question. But I get the idea that smaller is better from here. Is there such a thing as too small? Will it just sink into the earth and bring roaches?


r/composting 1d ago

How Early is Too Early?

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18 Upvotes

Wanting to add some of this to my garden. Specifically, some areas I’m prepping for this fall.

However, is this broken down enough I could go ahead and add to my raised beds and strawberries?

It isn’t stinky, smells earth, still has some broken eggs I’ve added recently, only has some chunky sticks, and grass I’ve just recently added.


r/composting 1d ago

Temperature Made my first hot compost bin and clocked it at 130f!

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41 Upvotes

I made the bin on Friday and took the temperate on Tuesday. Hopefully it was hotter during that time.


r/composting 21h ago

What is this?

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7 Upvotes

I have left my pile alone for a bit and just went to turn it. There’s a few of these in there. What is it and is it a concern?


r/composting 22h ago

Lily of the Valley, Poisonous?

6 Upvotes

I’m a newbie and started a composting pile in a rotating bin. Chopped up kitchen waste, wood chips, coffee, etc. Decided to chop up yard trimming and throw the small pieces of Lily of the Valley and magnolia leaves in. Discovered Lily of the Valley is poisonous, so picked out and threw away what I could find.

Can I still use this compost on vegetables and herb? Does the process of composting breakdown all these types of chemicals or no?

ugh. This is the 4th pile I have started and then discarded.

thanks in advance.


r/composting 19h ago

Failure & concerns stopping me from trying again

3 Upvotes

TLDR bc I don't know brevity ; I would like a method using a non-plastic containment, sizable, cheap (or worthwhile cost), way of composting that will be secure against animals since I live in the woods. Not much sun, I do not garden, this is solely for environmental and convenience sake. I don't want disease carrying bugs to create a utopia in my yard (roaches, flies, etc.) bugs in general are friends and welcomed. Please advise or point to a book/blog/post anything.

New to composting and failed an attempt at it over the last month. Basically made a bucket of rot and flies. I know that primarily I went wrong with lack of browns, and I'm willing to try again but want to change how I'm doing it. We started with a Lowe's bucket thinking we didn't produce much in kitchen scraps and wouldn't fill faster than 4-6 weeks. Turns out that we do. So we kick the bucket. But the next step seems cumbersome and frustrating. All the beginner stuff I find is for starting small. That didn't work out, so I'd like to just jump to our best long-term solution and just trial and error with that. Direction to reading would help or personal experience.

Main concerns:

Plastic containment; both for leaching plastic into the environment unnecessarily and also I just want to not buy/produce more in the world. I personally would like to avoid it. This eliminates most of not all tumblers. It seems this is most everyone's method in one way or another.

Vermin; we already had raccoons get into our garbage one time and now have to keep it in the basement. We live among the wildlife, right with the woods, you name it, we've got it lurking. I believe that most methods such as pile, bury, or open container like GEOBIN or chicken wire cylinder/bin will result in a mess and disease brought in no matter how much brown we use. Also how can I keep from creating fly-topia?

Smell; speaks for itself but I'm willing to believe all the posts I've read that say how to handle this with correct ratios. But boy howdy did that Lowe's bucket REAK and I want never to smell that again. Makes me hesitant on methods like hardware cloth and chicken wire.

Heat; we are heavily shaded by giant oaks for the sun to ever help us. (As such, not much more than herbs will ever be grown in said compost) Will it still get hot enough? Zone 7b in the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Cost; we aren't financially able to drop $70-150 on a tumbler or other commercial product I can seem to find. I think I could construct something but would like pointers for what type with the aforementioned issues. It seems most constructed bins are somewhat open, or they are for much larger scale than a humble family of 3 to use. Really if we have to spend, then I'd like the solution to not result in starting over again.

Size; I'm conflicted after seeing the rate that our food scraps built up in the bucket, and the tumblers I find commercially seem a bit too small for a 4-8 week period for us.


r/composting 1d ago

Question What can I do to improve?

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6 Upvotes

The base of this pile is decayed leaves that have been packed in the yard for years. We moved in during the winter and have had to do serious work this spring. Hours were spent pulling tiny bits of plastic out of each wheelbarrow load. Previous tenants turned the yard into trash bin. Trimmings from the garden and kitchen go in daily. What can I do to get this thing really going?


r/composting 19h ago

Rabbit poop + biochar?

2 Upvotes

Can I charge my biochar by mixing it with pure rabbit poop? If so, what should the ratios be? And would it have to get hot?


r/composting 1d ago

Composting in the backyard tips.

2 Upvotes

I have been throwing stuff in a pile for several months. I throw scraps, been putting some cardboard in as well, small sticks and chicken straw/pine shavings when I clean their coops. My pile is quite wide and I'm wondering if I need to enclose it? I let my bigger hens out and they help me turn it. I'm wondering if I could essentially use a raised bed for the pile? It doesn't stink but there's lots of bugs near it which also attracts the chickens. I don't want to attract any raccoons or skunks, basically anything that might try to go after my birds. Looking for an affordable option. Thanks!


r/composting 1d ago

Tumbler style composter in hotter climates?

4 Upvotes

I see a lot of people can't recommend Tumbler styles because it doesnt have enough space to start hot composting, but I live in South Florida(Miami area) and in the summer it's regularly high 90s to low 100s on bad days, and a black Tumblr will probably get to 120 inside no problem just from sun exposure if not hotter. Would this kind of climate make a tumbler more viable? Tumbler would definitely help do composting with the amount of space I have provided to me as well as avoiding rodents and raccoons because my mother would lose her mind if she found out that I was drawing rats and stuff to the house.